-- Changed default HMM model.
-- Removed check.
-- Changed md5's: PL's in the high 100s change by a point or two due to new implementation.
-- Resulting performance improvement is about 30 to 50% less runtime when using -glm INDEL.
-- numPruningSamples allows one to specify that the minPruning factor must be met by this many samples for a path to be considered good (e.g. seen twice in three samples). By default this is just one sample.
-- adding unit test to test this new functionality
-- When doing cross-species comparisons and studying population history and ancient DNA data, having SOME measure of confidence is needed at every single site that doesn't depend on the reference base, even in a naive per-site SNP mode. Old versions of GATK provided GQ and some wrong PL values at reference sites but these were wrong. This commit addresses this need by adding a new UG command line argument, -allSitePLs, that, if enabled will:
a) Emit all 3 ALT snp alleles in the ALT column.
b) Emit all corresponding 10 PL values.
It's up to the user to process these PL values downstream to make sense of these. Note that, in order to follow VCF spec, the QUAL field in a reference call when there are non-null ALT alleles present will be zero, so QUAL will be useless and filtering will need to be done based on other fields.
-- Tweaks and fixes to processing pipelines for Reich lab.
1. Have the RMSMappingQuality annotation take into account the fact that reduced reads represent multiple reads.
2. The rank sume tests should not be using reduced reads (because they do not represent distinct observations).
3. Fixed a massive bug in the BaseQualityRankSumTest annotation! It was not using the base qualities but rather
the read likelihoods?!
Added a unit test for Rank Sum Tests to prove that the distributions are correctly getting assigned appropriate p-values.
Also, and just as importantly, the test shows that using reduced reads in the rank sum tests skews the results and
makes insignificant distributions look significant (so it can falsely cause the filtering of good sites).
Also included in this commit is a massive refactor of the RankSumTest class as requested by the reviewer.
-- Previous version created FILTERs for each possible alt allele when that site was set to monomorphic by BEAGLE. So if you had a A/C SNP in the original file and beagle thought it was AC=0, then you'd get a record with BGL_RM_WAS_A in the FILTER field. This obviously would cause problems for indels, as so the tool was blowing up in this case. Now beagle sets the filter field to BGL_SET_TO_MONOMORPHIC and sets the info field annotation OriginalAltAllele to A instead. This works in general with any type of allele.
-- Here's an example output line from the previous and current versions:
old: 20 64150 rs7274499 C . 3041.68 BGL_RM_WAS_A AN=566;DB;DP=1069;Dels=0.00;HRun=0;HaplotypeScore=238.33;LOD=3.5783;MQ=83.74;MQ0=0;NumGenotypesChanged=1;OQ=1949.35;QD=10.95;SB=-6918.88
new: 20 64062 . G . 100.39 BGL_SET_TO_MONOMORPHIC AN=566;DP=1108;Dels=0.00;HRun=2;HaplotypeScore=221.59;LOD=-0.5051;MQ=85.69;MQ0=0;NumGenotypesChanged=1;OQ=189.66;OriginalAltAllele=A;QD=15.81;SB=-6087.15
-- update MD5s to reflect these changes
-- [delivers #50847721]
-- Now table looks like:
Name VariantType AssessmentType Count
variant SNPS TRUE_POSITIVE 1220
variant SNPS FALSE_POSITIVE 0
variant SNPS FALSE_NEGATIVE 1
variant SNPS TRUE_NEGATIVE 150
variant SNPS CALLED_NOT_IN_DB_AT_ALL 0
variant SNPS HET_CONCORDANCE 100.00
variant SNPS HOMVAR_CONCORDANCE 99.63
variant INDELS TRUE_POSITIVE 273
variant INDELS FALSE_POSITIVE 0
variant INDELS FALSE_NEGATIVE 15
variant INDELS TRUE_NEGATIVE 79
variant INDELS CALLED_NOT_IN_DB_AT_ALL 2
variant INDELS HET_CONCORDANCE 98.67
variant INDELS HOMVAR_CONCORDANCE 89.58
-- Rewrite / refactored parts of subsetDiploidAlleles in GATKVariantContextUtils to have a BEST_MATCH assignment method that does it's best to simply match the genotype after subsetting to a set of alleles. So if the original GT was A/B and you subset to A/B it remains A/B but if you subset to A/C you get A/A. This means that het-alt B/C genotypes become A/B and A/C when subsetting to bi-allelics which is the convention in the KB. Add lots of unit tests for this functions (from 0 previously)
-- BadSites in Assessment now emits TP sites with discordant genotypes with the type GENOTYPE_DISCORDANCE and tags the expected genotype in the info field as ExpectedGenotype, such as this record:
20 10769255 . A ATGTG 165.73 . ExpectedGenotype=HOM_VAR;SupportingCallsets=ebanks,depristo,CEUTrio_best_practices;WHY=GENOTYPE_DISCORDANCE GT:AD:DP:GQ:PL 0/1:1,9:10:6:360,0,6
Indicating that the call was a HET but the expected result was HOM_VAR
-- Forbid subsetting of diploid genotypes to just a single allele.
-- Added subsetToRef as a separate specific function. Use that in the DiploidExactAFCalc in the case that you need to reduce yourself to ref only. Preserves DP in the genotype field when this is possible, so a few integration tests have changed for the UG
-- Merging overlapping fragments turns out to be a bad idea. In the case where you can safely merge the reads you only gain a small about of overlapping kmers, so the potential gains are relatively small. That's in contrast to the very large danger of merging reads inappropriately, such as when the reads only overlap in a repetitive region, and you artificially construct reads that look like the reference but actually may carry a larger true insertion w.r.t. the reference. Because this problem isn't limited to repetitive sequeuence, but in principle could occur in any sequence, it's just not safe to do this merging. Best to leave haplotype construction to the assembly graph.
We now run Smith-Waterman on the dangling tail against the corresponding reference tail.
If we can generate a reasonable, low entropy alignment then we trigger the merge to the
reference path; otherwise we abort. Also, we put in a check for low-complexity of graphs
and don't let those pass through.
Added tests for this implementation that checks exact SW results and correct edges added.
Principle is simple: when coverage is deep enough, any single-base read error will look like a rare k-mer but correct sequence will be supported by many reads to correct sequences will look like common k-mers. So, algorithm has 3 main steps:
1. K-mer graph buildup.
For each read in an active region, a map from k-mers to the number of times they have been seen is built.
2. Building correction map.
All "rare" k-mers that are sparse (by default, seen only once), get mapped to k-mers that are good (by default, seen at least 20 times but this is a CL argument), and that lie within a given Hamming distance (by default, =1). This map can be empty (i.e. k-mers can be uncorrectable).
3. Correction proposal
For each constituent k-mer of each read, if this k-mer is rare and maps to a good k-mer, get differing base positions in k-mer and add these to a list of corrections for each base in each read. Then, correct read at positions where correction proposal is unanimous and non-empty.
The algorithm defaults are chosen to be very stringent and conservative in the correction: we only try to correct singleton k-mers, we only look for good k-mers lying at Hamming distance = 1 from them, and we only correct a base in read if all correction proposals are congruent.
By default, algorithm is disabled but can be enabled in HaplotypeCaller via the -readErrorCorrect CL option. However, at this point it's about 3x-10x more expensive so it needs to be optimized if it's to be used.
Ns are treated as wildcards in the PairHMM so creating haplotypes with Ns gives them artificial advantages over other ones.
This was the cause of at least one FN where there were Ns at a SNP position.
Problem:
The sequence graphs can get very complex and it's not enough just to test that any given read has non-unique kmers.
Reads with variants can have kmers that match unique regions of the reference, and this causes cycles in the final
sequence graph. Ultimately the problem is that kmers of 10/25 may not be large enough for these complex regions.
Solution:
We continue to try kmers of 10/25 but detect whether cycles exist; if so, we do not use them. If (and only if) we
can't get usable graphs from the 10/25 kmers, then we start iterating over larger kmers until we either can generate
a graph without cycles or attempt too many iterations.
-- Reuse infrastructure for RODs for reads to implement general IntervalReferenceOrderedView so that both TraverseReads and TraverseActiveRegions can use the same underlying infrastructure
-- TraverseActiveRegions now provides a meaningful RefMetaDataTracker to ActiveRegionWalker.map
-- Cleanup misc. code as it came up
-- Resolves GSA-808: Write general utility code to do rsID allele matching, hook up to UG and HC
-- Variants will be considered matching if they have the same reference allele and at least 1 common alternative allele. This matching algorithm determines how rsID are added back into the VariantContext we want to annotate, and as well determining the overlap FLAG attribute field.
-- Updated VariantAnnotator and VariantsToVCF to use this class, removing its old stale implementation
-- Added unit tests for this VariantOverlapAnnotator class
-- Removed GATKVCFUtils.rsIDOfFirstRealVariant as this is now better to use VariantOverlapAnnotator
-- Now requires strict allele matching, without any option to just use site annotation.
The previous behavior is to process reads with N CIGAR operators as they are despite that many of the tools do not actually support such operator and results become unpredictible.
Now if the there is some read with the N operator, the engine returns a user exception. The error message indicates what is the problem (including the offending read and mapping position) and give a couple of alternatives that the user can take in order to move forward:
a) ask for those reads to be filtered out (with --filter_reads_with_N_cigar or -filterRNC)
b) keep them in as before (with -U ALLOW_N_CIGAR_READS or -U ALL)
Notice that (b) does not have any effect if (a) is enacted; i.e. filtering overrides ignoring.
Implementation:
* Added filterReadsWithMCigar argument to MalformedReadFilter with the corresponding changes in the code to get it to work.
* Added ALLOW_N_CIGAR_READS unsafe flag so that N cigar containing reads can be processed as they are if that is what the user wants.
* Added ReadFilterTest class commont parent for ReadFilter test cases.
* Refactor ReadGroupBlackListFilterUnitTest to extend ReadFilterTest and push up some functionality to that class.
* Modified MalformedReadFilterUnitTest to extend ReadFilterTest and to test the new filter functionality.
* Added AllowNCigarMalformedReadFilterUnittest to check on the behavior when the unsafe ALLOW_N_CIGAR_READS flag is used.
* Added UnsafeNCigarMalformedReadFilterUnittest to check on the behavior when the unsafe ALL flag is used.
* Updated a broken test case in UnifiedGenotyperIntegrationTest resulting from the new behavior.
* Updated EngineFeaturesIntegrationTest testdata to be compliant with new behavior
-- Created a new annotation DepthPerSampleHC that is by default on in the HaplotypeCaller
-- The depth for the HC is the sum of the informative alleles at this site. It's not perfect (as we cannot differentiate between reads that align over the event but aren't informative vs. those that aren't even close) but it's a pretty good proxy and it matches with the AD field (i.e., sum(AD) = DP).
-- Update MD5s
-- delivers [#48240601]
-- In the case where we have multiple potential alternative alleles *and* we weren't calling all of them (so that n potential values < n called) we could end up trimming the alleles down which would result in the mismatch between the PerReadAlleleLikelihoodMap alleles and the VariantContext trimmed alleles.
-- Fixed by doing two things (1) moving the trimming code after the annotation call and (2) updating AD annotation to check that the alleles in the VariantContext and the PerReadAlleleLikelihoodMap are concordant, which will stop us from degenerating in the future.
-- delivers [#50897077]
-- Ultimately this was caused by overly aggressive merging of CommonSuffixMerger. In the case where you have this graph:
ACT [ref source] -> C
G -> ACT -> C
we would merge into
G -> ACT -> C
which would linearlize into
GACTC
Causing us to add bases to the reference source node that couldn't be recovered. The solution was to ensure that CommonSuffixMerger only operates when all nodes to be merged aren't source nodes themselves.
-- Added a convenient argument to the haplotype caller (captureAssemblyFailureBAM) that will write out the exact reads to a BAM file that went into a failed assembly run (going to a file called AssemblyFailure.BAM). This can be used to rerun the haplotype caller to produce the exact error, which can be hard in regions of deep coverage where the downsampler state determines the exact reads going into assembly and therefore makes running with a sub-interval not reproduce the error
-- Did some misc. cleanup of code while debugging
-- [delivers #50917729]
-- Ultimately this was caused by an underlying bug in the reverting of soft clipped bases in the read clipper. The read clipper would fail to properly set the alignment start for reads that were 100% clipped before reverting, such as 10H2S5H => 10H2M5H. This has been fixed and unit tested.
-- Update 1 ReduceReads MD5, which was due to cases where we were clipping away all of the MATCH part of the read, leaving a cigar like 50H11S and the revert soft clips was failing to properly revert the bases.
-- delivers #50655421
-- The previous implementation attempted to be robust to this, but not all cases were handled properly. Added a helper function updateInde() that bounds up the update to be in the range of the indel array, and cleaned up logic of how the method works. The previous behavior was inconsistent across read fwd/rev stand, so that the indel cigars at the end of read were put at the start of reads if the reads were in the forward strand but not if they were in the reverse strand. Everything is now consistent, as can be seen in the symmetry of the unit tests:
tests.add(new Object[]{"1D3M", false, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{0,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1M1D2M", false, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{1,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"2M1D1M", false, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{0,1,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"3M1D", false, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{0,0,1}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1D3M", true, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{1,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1M1D2M", true, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{0,1,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"2M1D1M", true, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{0,0,1}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"3M1D", true, EventType.BASE_DELETION, new int[]{0,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"4M1I", false, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,0,1,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"3M1I1M", false, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,1,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"2M1I2M", false, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,1,0,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1M1I3M", false, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{1,0,0,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1I4M", false, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,0,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"4M1I", true, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,0,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"3M1I1M", true, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,0,0,1}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"2M1I2M", true, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,0,1,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1M1I3M", true, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,0,1,0,0}});
tests.add(new Object[]{"1I4M", true, EventType.BASE_INSERTION, new int[]{0,1,0,0,0}});
-- delivers #50445353
-- We now inject the given alleles into the reference haplotype and add them to the graph.
-- Those paths are read off of the graph and then evaluated with the appropriate marginalization for GGA mode.
-- This unifies how Smith-Waterman is performed between discovery and GGA modes.
-- Misc minor cleanup in several places.
The problem ultimately was that ReadUtils.readStartsWithInsertion() ignores leading hard/softclips, but
ReduceReads does not. So I refactored that method to include a boolean argument as to whether or not
clips should be ignored. Also rebased so that return type is no longer a Pair.
Added unit test to cover this situation.
-Throw a UserException if a Locus or ActiveRegion walker is run with -dcov < 200,
since low dcov values can result in problematic downsampling artifacts for locus-based
traversals.
-Read-based traversals continue to have no minimum for -dcov, since dcov for read traversals
controls the number of reads per alignment start position, and even a dcov value of 1 might
be safe/desirable in some circumstances.
-Also reorganize the global downsampling defaults so that they are specified as annotations
to the Walker, LocusWalker, and ActiveRegionWalker classes rather than as constants in the
DownsamplingMethod class.
-The default downsampling settings have not been changed: they are still -dcov 1000
for Locus and ActiveRegion walkers, and -dt NONE for all other walkers.
-- Started by Mark. Finished up by Ryan.
-- GGA mode still respected glm argument for SNP and INDEL models, so that you would silently fail to genotype indels at all if the -glm INDEL wasn't provided, but you'd still emit the sites, so you'd see records in the VCF but all alleles would be no calls.
-- https://www.pivotaltracker.com/story/show/48924339 for more information
-- [resolves#48924339]
-- [Delivers #49876703]
-- Add integration test and test file
-- Update SymbolicAlleles combine variant tests, which was turning unfiltered records into PASS!
Bug fixes and missing interval functionality for Diagnose Targets
While the code seems fine, the complex parts of it are untested. This is probably fine for now, but private code can have a tendency to creep into the codebase once accepted. I would have preferred that unit test OR a big comment stating that the code is untested (and thus broken by Mark's rule).
It is with these cavets that I accept the pull request.
-- Made CountReadsInActiveRegions Nano schedulable, confirming identical results for linear and nano results
-- Made Haplotype NanoScheduled, requiring misc. changes in the map/reduce type so that the map() function returns a List<VariantContext> and reduce actually prints out the results to disk
-- Tests for NanoScheduling
-- CountReadsInActiveRegionsIntegrationTest now does NCT 1, 2, 4 with CountReadsInActiveRegions
-- HaplotypeCallerParallelIntegrationTest does NCT 1,2,4 calling on 100kb of PCR free data
-- Some misc. code cleanup of HaplotypeCaller
-- Analysis scripts to assess performance of nano scheduled HC
-- In order to make the haplotype caller thread safe we needed to use an AtomicInteger for the class-specific static ID counter in SeqVertex and MultiDebrujinVertex, avoiding a race condition where multiple new Vertex() could end up with the same id.
* This version inherits from the original SW implementation so it can use the same matrix creation method.
* A bunch of refactoring was done to the original version to clean it up a bit and to have it do the
right thing for indels at the edges of the alignments.
* Enum added for the overhang strategy to use; added implementation for the INDEL version of this strategy.
* Lots of systematic testing added for this implementation.
* NOT HOOKED UP TO HAPLOTYPE CALLER YET. Committing so that people can play around with this for now.
* bitset could legitimately be in an unfinished state but we were trying to access it without finalizing.
* added --cancer_mode argument per Mark's suggestion to force the user to explicitly enable multi-sample mode.
* tests were easiest to implement as integration tests (this was a really complicated case).
Problem
-------
The DeBruijn assembler was too slow. The cause of the slowness was the need to construct many kmer graphs (from max read length in the interval to 11 kmer, in increments of 6 bp). This need to build many kmer graphs was because the assembler (1) needed long kmers to assemble through regions where a shorter kmer was non-unique in the reference, as we couldn't split cycles in the reference (2) shorter kmers were needed to be sensitive to differences from the reference near the edge of reads, which would be lost often when there was chain of kmers of longer length that started before and after the variant.
Solution
--------
The read threading assembler uses a fixed kmer, in this implementation by default two graphs with 10 and 25 kmers. The algorithm operates as follows:
identify all non-unique kmers of size K among all reads and the reference
for each sequence (ref and read):
find a unique starting position of the sequence in the graph by matching to a unique kmer, or starting a new source node if non exist
for each base in the sequence from the starting vertex kmer:
look at the existing outgoing nodes of current vertex V. If the base in sequence matches the suffix of outgoing vertex N, read the sequence to N, and continue
If no matching next vertex exists, find a unique vertex with kmer K. If one exists, merge the sequence into this vertex, and continue
If a merge vertex cannot be found, create a new vertex (note this vertex may have a kmer identical to another in the graph, if it is not unique) and thread the sequence to this vertex, and continue
This algorithm has a key property: it can robustly use a very short kmer without introducing cycles, as we will create paths through the graph through regions that aren't unique w.r.t. the sequence at the given kmer size. This allows us to assemble well with even very short kmers.
This commit includes many critical changes to the haplotype caller to make it fast, sensitive, and accurate on deep and shallow WGS and exomes, the key changes are highlighted below:
-- The ReadThreading assembler keeps track of the maximum edge multiplicity per sample in the graph, so that we prune per sample, not across all samples. This change is essential to operate effectively when there are many deep samples (i.e., 100 exomes)
-- A new pruning algorithm that will only prune linear paths where the maximum edge weight among all edges in the path have < pruningFactor. This makes pruning more robust when you have a long chain of bases that have high multiplicity at the start but only barely make it back into the main path in the graph.
-- We now do a global SmithWaterman to compute the cigar of a Path, instead of the previous bubble-based SmithWaterman optimization. This change is essential for us to get good variants from our paths when the kmer size is small. It also ensures that we produce a cigar from a path that only depends only the sequence of bases in the path, unlike the previous approach which would depend on both the bases and the way the path was decomposed into vertices, which depended on the kmer size we used.
-- Removed MergeHeadlessIncomingSources, which was introducing problems in the graphs in some cases, and just isn't the safest operation. Since we build a kmer graph of size 10, this operation is no longer necessary as it required a perfect match of 10 bp to merge anyway.
-- The old DebruijnAssembler is still available with a command line option
-- The number of paths we take forward from the each assembly graph is now capped at a factor per sample, so that we allow 128 paths for a single sample up to 10 x nSamples as necessary. This is an essential change to make the system work well for large numbers of samples.
-- Add a global mismapping parameter to the HC likelihood calculation: The phredScaledGlobalReadMismappingRate reflects the average global mismapping rate of all reads, regardless of their mapping quality. This term effects the probability that a read originated from the reference haploytype, regardless of its edit distance from the reference, in that the read could have originated from the reference haplotype but from another location in the genome. Suppose a read has many mismatches from the reference, say like 5, but has a very high mapping quality of 60. Without this parameter, the read would contribute 5 * Q30 evidence in favor of its 5 mismatch haplotype compared to reference, potentially enough to make a call off that single read for all of these events. With this parameter set to Q30, though, the maximum evidence against the reference that this (and any) read could contribute against reference is Q30. -- Controllable via a command line argument, defaulting to Q60 rate. Results from 20:10-11 mb for branch are consistent with the previous behavior, but this does help in cases where you have rare very divergent haplotypes
-- Reduced ActiveRegionExtension from 200 bp to 100 bp, which is a performance win and the large extension is largely unnecessary with the short kmers used with the read threading assembler
Infrastructure changes / improvements
-------------------------------------
-- Refactored BaseGraph to take a subclass of BaseEdge, so that we can use a MultiSampleEdge in the ReadThreadingAssembler
-- Refactored DeBruijnAssembler, moving common functionality into LocalAssemblyEngine, which now more directly manages the subclasses, requiring them to only implement a assemble() method that takes ref and reads and provides a List<SeqGraph>, which the LocalAssemblyEngine takes forward to compute haplotypes and other downstream operations. This allows us to have only a limited amount of code that differentiates the Debruijn and ReadThreading assemblers
-- Refactored active region trimming code into ActiveRegionTrimmer class
-- Cleaned up the arguments in HaplotypeCaller, reorganizing them and making arguments @Hidden and @Advanced as appropriate. Renamed several arguments now that the read threading assembler is the default
-- LocalAssemblyEngineUnitTest reads in the reference sequence from b37, and assembles with synthetic reads intervals from 10-11 mbs with only the reference sequence as well as artificial snps, deletions, and insertions.
-- Misc. updates to Smith Waterman code. Added generic interface to called not surpisingly SmithWaterman, making it easier to have alternative implementations.
-- Many many more unit tests throughout the entire assembler, and in random utilities
* This is emerging now because BWA-MEM produces lots of reads that are not primary alignments
* The ConstrainedMateFixingManager class used by IndelRealigner was mis-adjusting SAM flags because it
was getting confused by these secondary alignments
* Added unit test to cover this case
Only try to clip adaptors when both reads of the pair are on opposite strands
-- Read pairs that have unusual alignments, such as two reads both oriented like:
<-----
<-----
where previously having their adaptors clipped as though the standard calculation of the insert size was meaningful, which it is not for such oddly oriented pairs. This caused us to clip extra good bases from reads.
-- Update MD5s due change in adaptor clipping, which add some coverage in some places
Guillermo del Angel
Ryan Poplin
Eric Banks
Mark DePristo
Valentin Ruano-Rubio
David Roazen
Yossi Farjoun
Chris Hartl
Mauricio Carneiro
chartl