diff --git a/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/BaseUtils.java b/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/BaseUtils.java
index 491e4e25e..673b1524d 100644
--- a/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/BaseUtils.java
+++ b/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/BaseUtils.java
@@ -419,6 +419,44 @@ public class BaseUtils {
         return new String(simpleComplement(bases.getBytes()));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the index of the most common base in the basecounts array. To be used with
+     * pileup.getBaseCounts.
+     *
+     * @param baseCounts counts of a,c,g,t in order.
+     * @return the index of the most common base
+     */
+    static public int mostFrequentBaseIndex(int[] baseCounts) {
+        int mostFrequentBaseIndex = 0;
+        for (int baseIndex = 1; baseIndex < 4; baseIndex++) {
+            if (baseCounts[baseIndex] > baseCounts[mostFrequentBaseIndex]) {
+                mostFrequentBaseIndex = baseIndex;
+            }
+        }
+        return mostFrequentBaseIndex;
+    }
+
+    static public int mostFrequentBaseIndexNotRef(int[] baseCounts, int refBaseIndex) {
+        int tmp = baseCounts[refBaseIndex];
+        baseCounts[refBaseIndex] = -1;
+        int result = mostFrequentBaseIndex(baseCounts);
+        baseCounts[refBaseIndex] = tmp;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static public int mostFrequentBaseIndexNotRef(int[] baseCounts, byte refSimpleBase) {
+        return mostFrequentBaseIndexNotRef(baseCounts, simpleBaseToBaseIndex(refSimpleBase));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the most common base in the basecounts array. To be used with pileup.getBaseCounts.
+     *
+     * @param  baseCounts counts of a,c,g,t in order.
+     * @return the most common base
+     */
+    static public byte mostFrequentSimpleBase(int[] baseCounts) {
+        return baseIndexToSimpleBase(mostFrequentBaseIndex(baseCounts));
+    }
 
     /**
      * For the most frequent base in the sequence, return the percentage of the read it constitutes.
@@ -437,12 +475,7 @@ public class BaseUtils {
             }
         }
 
-        int mostFrequentBaseIndex = 0;
-        for (int baseIndex = 1; baseIndex < 4; baseIndex++) {
-            if (baseCounts[baseIndex] > baseCounts[mostFrequentBaseIndex]) {
-                mostFrequentBaseIndex = baseIndex;
-            }
-        }
+        int mostFrequentBaseIndex = mostFrequentBaseIndex(baseCounts);
 
         return ((double) baseCounts[mostFrequentBaseIndex])/((double) sequence.length);
     }
diff --git a/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/MathUtils.java b/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/MathUtils.java
index cbe2948aa..e197bb973 100644
--- a/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/MathUtils.java
+++ b/public/java/src/org/broadinstitute/sting/utils/MathUtils.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ package org.broadinstitute.sting.utils;
 
 import com.google.java.contract.Requires;
 import net.sf.samtools.SAMRecord;
+import org.apache.lucene.messages.NLS;
 import org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.GenomeAnalysisEngine;
 import org.broadinstitute.sting.utils.exceptions.UserException;
 
@@ -124,6 +125,16 @@ public class MathUtils {
     }
 
 
+    /**
+     * Calculates the log10 cumulative sum of an array with log10 probabilities
+     * @param log10p the array with log10 probabilites
+     * @param upTo index in the array to calculate the cumsum up to
+     * @return the log10 of the cumulative sum
+     */
+    public static double log10CumulativeSumLog10(double [] log10p, int upTo) {
+        return log10sumLog10(log10p, 0, upTo);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Converts a real space array of probabilities into a log10 array
      * @param prRealSpace
@@ -137,10 +148,14 @@ public class MathUtils {
     }
 
     public static double log10sumLog10(double[] log10p, int start) {
+        return log10sumLog10(log10p, start, log10p.length);
+    }
+
+    public static double log10sumLog10(double[] log10p, int start, int finish) {
         double sum = 0.0;
 
         double maxValue = Utils.findMaxEntry(log10p);
-        for ( int i = start; i < log10p.length; i++ ) {
+        for ( int i = start; i < finish; i++ ) {
             sum += Math.pow(10.0, log10p[i] - maxValue);
         }
 
@@ -345,6 +360,23 @@ public class MathUtils {
         return Math.pow(10,log10MultinomialProbability(n, k, log10P));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * calculate the Root Mean Square of an array of integers
+     * @param x  an byte[] of numbers
+     * @return   the RMS of the specified numbers.
+    */
+    public static double rms(byte[] x) {
+        if ( x.length == 0 )
+            return 0.0;
+
+        double rms = 0.0;
+        for (int i : x)
+            rms += i * i;
+        rms /= x.length;
+        return Math.sqrt(rms);
+    }
+
+
     /**
      * calculate the Root Mean Square of an array of integers
      * @param x  an int[] of numbers
@@ -471,6 +503,18 @@ public class MathUtils {
         return maxI;
     }
 
+    public static int maxElementIndex(int[] array) {
+        if ( array == null ) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array cannot be null!");
+
+        int maxI = -1;
+        for ( int i = 0; i < array.length; i++ ) {
+            if ( maxI == -1 || array[i] > array[maxI] )
+                maxI = i;
+        }
+
+        return maxI;
+    }
+
     public static double arrayMax(double[] array) {
         return array[maxElementIndex(array)];
     }
@@ -727,6 +771,38 @@ public class MathUtils {
         return count;
     }
 
+    public static int countOccurrences(byte element, byte [] array) {
+        int count = 0;
+        for (byte y : array) {
+            if (element == y)
+                count++;
+        }
+
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the top (larger) N elements of the array. Naive n^2 implementation (Selection Sort).
+     * Better than sorting if N (number of elements to return) is small
+     *
+     * @param array the array
+     * @param n number of top elements to return
+     * @return the n larger elements of the array
+     */
+    public static Collection<Double> getNMaxElements(double [] array, int n) {
+        ArrayList<Double> maxN = new ArrayList<Double>(n);
+        double lastMax = Double.MAX_VALUE;
+        for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
+            double max = Double.MIN_VALUE;
+            for (double x : array) {
+                max = Math.min(lastMax, Math.max(x, max));
+            }
+            maxN.add(max);
+            lastMax = max;
+        }
+        return maxN;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns n random indices drawn with replacement from the range 0..(k-1)
      *
@@ -1015,6 +1091,11 @@ public class MathUtils {
         return ((-q)/10.0);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the phred scaled value of probability p
+     * @param p probability (between 0 and 1).
+     * @return phred scaled probability of p
+     */
     public static byte probabilityToPhredScale (double p) {
         return (byte) ((-10) * Math.log10(p));
     }